Plants |  Animals |
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Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana Model for: dicotyledonous plants; universal model Advantages: small genome (150 mb); small; can be easily transformed | 
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Maize Zea mays L. ssp. mays Model for: monocotyledonous plants; flower development Advantages: large flowers and inflorescences; important crop plant | 
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Snapdragon Antirrhinum Model for: flower development Advantages: large, bilaterally symmetric flowers |  Antirrhinum majus |
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Petunia Petunia hybrida Model for: Solanaceae Advantages: can be planted narrowly; high seed production; closely related to potato, tomato and tobacco | 
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Physcomitrella patens Physcomitrella patens Model for: mosses Advantages: Comparison of vascular plants and mosses; efficient homologous recombination; can be used to produce proteins in bioreactors |  Physcomitrella patens |
Animals |  Plants |
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Mouse Mus musculus Model for: mammals; humans Advantages: short generation time; small; many knockout versions available | 
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Zebrafish Danio rerio Model for: fish Advantages: short generation time; lays many translucent eggs; small; undemanding | 
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Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Model for: insects; pattern formation Advantages: short generation time; can be bread easily and cheaply; only 4 chromosome pairs; active transposons | 
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C. elegans Caenorhabditis elegans Model for: worms; clearly determined differentiation Advantages: short generation time; can be bred in lagge numbers like a bacterium; can be kept frozen; exactly determined cell divisions and differentiation; uses apoptosis as an important part of development | 
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African clawed frog Xenopus laevis Model for: amphibians; embryo development Advantages: translucent egg; huge embryo that can be manipulated easily | 
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Chick Gallus gallus domesticus Model for: birds; embryonal development Advantages: fetal development in the egg may be observed easily; of economic importance | 
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